Fundamentals

        Every day contains a new story of our life and I'll start yours with Good Morning . 

        From today let's start to learn our Computer knowledge; 


        Before coding / programming we need to know about Fundamentals of Computer which is very important for learners as it is like the foundation to a building.


        Most of the people know basics about a Computer like;

  • It is a Computational device.
  • It contains CPU , Internal RAM , ROM ( External Memory ) , with graphics chip (integrated with microprocessor / given a dedicated )
  • Input devices are Keyboard , Mouse but also Scanner , Microphones are used by interfacing it through I/O ports ( USB ports in modern days )
  • Output devices are Monitor , Printers , Plotters , Projectors etc.,


         These are commonly known information about a Computer by a normal person. But when it comes to a Computer Science student , he/she must know the exact component and IC which are used in the computer.


Like; 

  • Processor Name, Type / Variant with generation

  • Processor performance rate ( in frequency )

  • Type of OS

  • Capacity of the RAM & ROM


        These are some technical terms which need to be remembered.Then,


        “ Computer is an Electronic device for storing , processing data ( in the form of binary digits ) and displaying the result in any one of the connected output devices. ”

    
       
The computer requires storage to store this information and the storage is called Memory.

Computer Storage or Memory is of Two Types:
  • Primary Memory or RAM (Random Access Memory): This is the internal storage that is used in the computers and is located on the motherboard. RAM can be accessed or modified quickly in any order or randomly. The information that is stored in RAM is lost when the computer is turned off.
  • Secondary Memory or ROM (Read-Only Memory): Information (data) stored in ROM is  read-only, and is stored permanently. The ROM stored instruction is required to start a computer.

        Computer contains 2 major components :

  1. Hardware - Physical components attached to computer

  2. Software - Programs and other instruction which are stored inside the computer


        There are 3 types of software :

    • System Software => it sits between the hardware and the application software.Operating systems like Windows, macOS, Android and iOS are examples of system software.
    • Utility Software => Utility software is part of the system software and performs, specific tasks to keep the computer running. Examples of utility software are security and optimization programs.
    • Application Software => Anything that is not an operating system or a utility is an application or app. So a word processor, spreadsheet, web browser, and graphics software are all examples of application software, and they can do many specific tasks.



(To be continued..)

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